EVOO Polyphenols Exert Anti-Inflammatory Effects on the Microglia Cell through TREM2 Signaling Pathway

In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), microglia, brain resident immune cells, become chronically inflammatory and neurotoxic. recent years, neuroinflammation has attracted particular interest in the scientific community. The genetic variants of molecules associated with ‘‘microgliopathies’’, including triggering receptor expressed myeloid cells-2 (TREM2), result increased risk developing AD cognitive decline. We performed a set vitro assays using human neuronal (SH-SY5Y) microglial (BV2 C13NJ) cell models. Cells were differentially treated extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) polyphenols, oleuropein aglycone (OleA) hydroxytyrosol (HT) before adding LPS. evaluated protective effects these EVOO products by biochemical biology assays, ELISA, MTT, ROS detection, Western blotting immunofluorescence. Our results provide an integrated understanding neuroprotection exerted polyphenols terms of: (i) reduction pro-inflammatory cytokines release (IL-6, IL-8, IP-10 RANTES); (ii) activation TREM2-dependent anti-inflammatory pathway; (iii) enhancement activity favoring M2 polarization phenotype. Such findings new important insights into mechanisms which dietary exert beneficial properties against impairment.